A. Methodology
1. Residual Series
B. Footnotes
Footnotes should be numbered
sequentially throughout the paper, beginning with
number 1. The footnote numbers should be superscripts
(not in parenthesis) and should follow punctuation
in the text. Footnotes should be substantive, as they
direct the reader's attention away from the main text.
The footnote section should follow the text and precede
the reference section. The word FOOTNOTES should appear
at the top of the first page of footnotes, centered
and in caps.
C. Quotations
Direct quotes exceeding 4 full
lines should be in the form of a block quote. This
means the quote is in its own paragraph and is indented
10 spaces throughout.
D. References
For references, adopt the style
used in The American Economic Review. This means journal
and book titles are italicized, and authors' names
are in bold print in the reference section. In-text
citations should include the author's name and year.
If the author is referred to in the text, then only
the year appears in parenthesis; if the author's name
is not referred to, the citation consists of the author's
last name, a comma, and the year of publication. No
page numbers are necessary for the in-text citations.
For example:
Campbell (1983) explains
purchasing power parity.
Others have explained purchasing
power parity (Campbell, 1983).
* Please refer to the references
of the sample articles for sample citations.
E. Illustrations,
Tables, Charts, and Graphs
Effective use of visual aids
is encouraged to increase the readability of the text.
Reiterating what was mentioned in section I, illustrations,
tables, charts and graphs are most easily used if
they are part of the word processing file or are at
least computer-generated. If this is impossible, a
clear and dark Xerox copy along with directions on
how to obtain the original is an acceptable alternative.
For both Figures and Tables,
place the title, as well as which Figure or Table
it is, above or below the relevant figure. Refer to
illustrations, graphs, and charts as "Figure
number," but refer to tabular data as "Table
number," as in the examples below:
The adjusted total factor
productivity growth exhibits an upward trend (see
Figure 1).
Lottery sales by state are
shown below (see Table 3).
F. Minor Points
1. Commas and Periods
In a series of adjectives
or other expressions use a comma before the conjunction.
For example:
Economics students are
lively, intelligent, and attractive.
2. State Names
Either spell out the state
name or use its postal abbreviation, as appropriate.
Do not use the newspaper abbreviations (e.g. "Mass."
For Massachusetts).
3. Verb Tense
Use verb tenses as appropriate.
The standard is to use present tense when referring
to past research. For example:
Jones (1974) finds that
economies of scale exist in the dairy industry.
4. Acronyms
Before using an acronym spell
it out at least once, and include the acronym in
parenthesis. For example:
Many people take advantage
of the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP).
The FFELP was adopted in order to assist . . .
